A series of books present important topics in psychology, neuroscience and philosophy. These books form an integrated series, designed for students and the general reader who wants a salient, up to date review of the most important topics for humans studying themselves and others.

Author  Stephen J. Gislason

Each human discovers who she or he is in an ongoing series of revelations. Humans often have the illusion of inventing themselves from nothing. They often claim to be the authors of their own destiny, but they spend most of their time as passengers in an ancient vehicle on a journey that they have difficulty comprehending.

As humans journey through life, they continue to discover who they are and what it means. If they have choices in the direction of their journey, reasonable decisions are achieved by diligent effort, learning and practice.

The process of individuation depends on the opportunities provided by the local environment and by practicing innate abilities and following innate tendencies. The journey through life is expressed and understood by telling stories. Human stories have inner and outer forms. The inner story teller is an almost continuous narrative process in the mind. This private monologue can be referred to as selftalk. Manifest stories are the daily conversations that dominate human social life. If you had to choose one feature of humans that separate them from all other animals it would be story-telling.

Humans sometimes feel that they are alien creatures, not from earth and not connected to their fellow primates. Many have confided in me, as if it were a closely guarded secret, that they do not belong here. This deep feeling of alienation probably haunts the lives of most humans, even when they are busy living successful lives.

The aspiration to live a happy, productive life is common. Happiness is not a discrete state, nor a sustainable state, but humans have a general idea about happiness as they do about beauty, justice and goodness. To enjoy life humans need to feel appreciated, safe and secure. Basic happiness is achieved by winning the approval of the local group and gaining entitlement to whatever safety and security the local group can achieve. The most enduring happiness is achieved by becoming a good person who enjoys the world as it is and by doing no harm.

Each human has a strong sense of voluntary control over his or her actions. There is prevailing sense that I am the center the center of the universe and what I believe to be true is true always and forever.

Humans live in the paradox of being isolated creatures with selfish interests, linked inextricably together by needs, thoughts, feelings, gestures and language. Because of a deep assumption of the independent self, humans tend to exaggerate the importance and the autonomy of individual experience and individual action. The idea of personal freedom is misleading. A self-determining individual is seldom if ever an independent agent acting only on his or her ideas and intentions. The more closely you look at any individual, the more you find group activity and the more you recognize that individuals seldom act alone. Even when humans do act alone, each person is an agent of a common understanding both innate and learned. Each person has the sense of others watching.  A human tendency is to suffer loneliness and to become despondent or suspicious and hostile when alone for extended periods.

Humans are social animals and generally depend on each other to provide rules of conduct, information, context and meaning. Mostly, humans are free to conform to the norms and expectations of the local group. Human’s copy what other humans do and are limited to repeating the speech and behaviors of others. Innovations are usually small modifications to an existing method, idea or belief.

While there are a great variety of social organizations and diverse expressions of social interactions, there are a limited number of root tendencies that give rise to the many variations. Paradoxically, the path to enlightenment involves going beyond the need for others, to pass though states of declining dependency toward a healthy and sane independence. Enlightenment is an improbable path and is, arguably, a rare accomplishment.

The goal of 21st Century Philosophy is to pursue a wise and compassionate integration of human understanding beyond local beliefs, specific disciplines, polemics and sectarian disputes.

The book, Existence and the Human Mind by Stephen Gislason was first published in 2004 and has evolved into several books published by Persona Digital Books. See 2011 Catalogue.

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